Hyperintense Focus: Is Looping in Autism Cause for Concern?

What is looping? It refers to a state of hyperintense focus on something, to the exclusion of everything else.If you are autistic, have you ever gotten extremely excited about something to the point where you can’t stop thinking about it and literally can’t focus on anything else? Sounds like autism looping.

So what is looping? Looping in autism is a term used to describe a common experience among many autistics. It refers to a state of hyperintense focus on a particular thought, topic, interest, or repetitive action. During this autistic looping, the person becomes deeply absorbed or fixated on this focal point to the exclusion of many other thoughts and sensory inputs around them.

While having an intense focus isn’t a bad thing most of the time, if it becomes obsessive to the point where nothing gets accomplished and the cycle has to run its course, then it can be. Problematic looping in autism can be defined as when you have tasks or responsibilities you need to take care of, but you simply can’t (or won’t) break out of the loop, so you neglect them. By doing so, you’re literally ignoring the other parts of life.

For example, an autistic may start looping on a special interest or passion like dinosaurs, space, or a favorite TV show or book series. They may talk incessantly about every detailed fact related to that topic, research it obsessively online or in books, and have significant trouble shifting their attention or thoughts away from it, even temporarily. The topic consumes their mind.

Or an autistic individual could get stuck on looping in on a particular phrase, noise, motion, or specific repetitive behavior that they compulsively repeat over and over again. This could present as rocking, pacing, reciting scripts from movies, or some other ritualistic action. The person struggles to redirect themselves from this repetitive loop of hyperintense focus of thoughts or movements.

What is Looping? Autistic Brains Want to Know

Autistic looping reflects the autism neurotype’s general tendency to process information, experiences, and cognitive input in a much more focused or intense way compared to how neurotypical individuals tend to process information, according to some studies. While neurotypical brains may have an easier time fluidly shifting between different thoughts, sensations, and tasks, experts suggest that autistic neurology involves a much deeper “drilling down” into narrower interests and experiences.

Looping is not a choice, but rather an automatic cognitive pattern and process beyond the person’s conscious control in that moment. It can be extremely difficult, confusing, and distressing for the looping autistic person to redirect themselves or “snap out of it” amid an intense loop. Trying to forcibly interrupt the loop from the outside can also backfire and prolong the loop due to increased anxiety and resistance.

Even looping in nature seems to showcase great examples of what is looping.Some autistics experience looping semi-frequently, going through phases where they’ll get stuck for periods intensely fixating on specific thoughts, actions, or interests before the loop finally breaks and normal cognitive flexibility resumes. For others, looping in may be a more constant, ongoing state of being where the bulk of their inner experience involves intense immersion in very narrow bands of hyper-focused interests or stims.

For example, reddit user sadclowntown posted, “Especially if the routine or something is interrupted, I can’t change my thought to the next thing. Example, at work my routine got interrupted by some crazy lady yelling. I wasn’t able to continue working after…I just sat there and kept replaying it in my head and obsessing with it. So I had to go home before it turned into a meltdown.”

Another user tried to describe the loop. Ericalm posted, “The autistic repetition feels different to me. It’s more like getting stuck. The words may lose meaning. Or I may actually be stuck on that meaning or an idea. Sometimes the loop feels like me saying the things in my head. Other times, it’s like I’m hearing them in my head.”

RELATED: Yes, Yes! How Repeating Words (Palilalia) Achieves Better Language Processing

The content, duration, and subjective experiences with a hyperintense focus can vary significantly between different autistic individuals based on their specific neurology, areas of intense interest, levels of anxiety and co-occurring conditions, outside environments and supports, and many other factors.

For some, looping can provide a sense of safety, comfort, predictability, and control in overwhelming environments where there is generally a lack of control or ability to regulate one’s experiences and sensory inputs. The loop provides a mental escape hatch and retreat into a familiar inner world or reality. For others, looping in autism may be primarily associated with anxiety, boredom, or a way to self-soothe or regulate when experiencing difficult emotions like burnout or sensory overload.

My Looping In Autism Experiences

While the experience of getting trapped in repetitive loops may seem odd, bizarre, or concerning from an outside neurotypical perspective, for many autistic individuals it is a core aspect of their fundamental cognitive patterns and way of experiencing the world and their inner realities. Looping represents both the autistic mind’s strength in sustained, passionate focus on particular areas of interest as well as the challenge of getting “stuck” in loops to the point that it significantly impairs the ability to healthily attend to other areas of life and self-care.

I know I loop as an autistic sometimes as well. One example is when I played the same song over and over and over. I did this with the song “Bones” by the group Imagine Dragons for quite a while. Strangely, after I attended their concert and heard them perform it, I no longer looped it. It’s like it cleared my mind!

With compassion, understanding, accommodation, and communication from others, autistic people can become more self-aware of their looping patterns and potentially develop strategies to gently navigate out of intense loops when necessary for meeting basic needs like eating, sleeping, hygiene, etc.

Loved ones can learn to identify signs that a loop is starting and employ patient techniques to softly interrupt or redirect stims and thoughts in a non-confrontational way that doesn’t amplify anxiety.

However, ultimately looping will likely always be an integral part of the authentic autistic experience and way of being for many on the spectrum. It is a core feature of autism that reflects how autistic minds uniquely integrate, process, and focus on information, sensory inputs, and experiences. A hyperintense focus represents a different – not disordered – operating system of cognition.

Answering the ‘What is Looping’ Question by Others

What is looping? Autistic looping is a hyperintense focus.To better understand and support autistic looping, recognize that there are different types and “levels” of loops that exist. On the lower intensity end, loops may simply involve moderately intense interests and propensities to delve very deeply into niche topics or carry out repetitive habits.

A milder loop could manifest as someone becoming very absorbed in researching everything about a particular historical era, getting stuck re-watching the same TV series over and over while analyzing every detail, or developing a routine habit like tapping fingers in a certain rhythm. For me, it’s constantly running my fingers through my hair and reading a new sci-fi story and finding a new artist online and checking out all of their work.

These milder fixations or stims don’t necessarily impair the person’s overall functioning in a significant way. They may simply be expressions of an autistic mind’s tendencies to hyperfocus on areas of interest with intense depth. As long as the person is still able to tend to basic needs and obligations while engaging with their loops, lower-intensity perseverations like this can be sources of joy, comfort, and expertise.

However, more severe and encapsulated loops can cut off the person almost entirely from the outside world in an extreme way. They may become completely mute and unable to communicate, stuck in a constant repetitive motion or script, or even potentially harmful stims like biting or head-banging if the loop triggers extreme dysregulation. In these profound loop states, caring for daily needs becomes impossible without support and intervention.

Yet even in these most intense looping in autism episodes, there is an underlying drive and purpose to the autistic person’s experience. Their brain is seeking an escape, a way to self-regulate through the loop and block out realities that feel unbearable in that moment. While it looks unpleasant or frightening from the outside, the loop provides a much-needed therapeutic function for the autistic mind based on the neurology involved, experts say.

Why Autistic Looping Doesn’t Let People Just ‘Snap Out of It’

With insight into each individual’s patterns, trusted loved ones or providers can look for ways to gently guide the person through severe loops with patience and care, rather than trying to abruptly “snap them out of it.” Meeting them with compassion in their inner experience, reducing extra external stressors, and learning subtle redirection techniques personalized to their needs may allow the loop’s intensity to gradually diminish.

It’s also vital to create openly accepting environments where autistic people feel safe engaging in their milder loops and stims without shaming or attempts to forcibly suppress them.

Having understanding spaces to appropriately embrace their authentic way of being can help prevent loops from escalating to more dysregulated levels. When autistic people are constantly made to mask or camouflage their natural repetitive patterns, it builds up distress that may eventually trigger other behaviors.

By making space for diverse cognitive profiles to authentically embrace their unique modes of being, autistic loops and a hyperintense focus on specific topics can be reclaimed as potent creative forces waiting to be channeled in productive ways, rather than marginalized as hindrances or shortcomings. So much of humanity’s past scientific, technological, and cultural evolution emerged from the perseverative genius of neurodivergent pioneers.

The loop is not an error of neurology, but an operating system finely tuned for certain applications that the neurotypical majority has yet to optimize for.

The way forward involves listening to autistic voices themselves and respecting their autonomy and inner experiences. It requires building ramps of authentic accommodation rather than trying to reshape cognitive diversity to fit a narrow norm. As autistic self-advocates often say, “Nothing about us without us.”

What is Looping Question Answered with Understanding and Integration

Ultimately, the diversity of autistic looping patterns and presentations exists along an expansive spectrum. Some loops are mild passions, others are profoundly immersive escapes providing respite and co-regulatory functions. All deserve to be understood and integrated, not pathologized or snuffed out.

While intense looping in behaviors can create challenges that may require understanding and accommodation from others, autistic looping also reflects remarkable abilities to sustain deep focus and develop rich areas of expertise, unlike most neurotypical experiences. With self-understanding and proper external support, the cognitive differences underlying autistic looping can be cultivated as a profound strength in many ways.

Having a hyperintense focus helps to answer the what is looping question.In the end, autistic looping as shown through a hyperintense focus represents a profoundly different way of thinking, experiencing, and engaging with the inner world of one’s interests and repetitive patterns. Rather than viewing it through a neurotypical lens as a “deficit” of attention or restrictive obsession, the autistic community is advocating for loops to be understood and respected as an authentic cognitive trait innate to autism.

By shifting the culture to truly embrace the brain’s natural diversity, we open doors for autistic loops to be reclaimed as a powerful force for pioneering innovation across domains. 

So much of humanity’s progress and genius emerges from the autistic mind’s ability to perseverate with intensity on focused interests and problem spaces, often coupled with extraordinary pattern recognition and skill “burnination” through repetitive practice.

The future beckons with an infinity of generative loops and possibilities if we choose to embrace and empower the authenticity of autistic looping with empathy rather than judgment. It’s time to spin new cycles we’ve yet to conceive.

Other Common Autistic Behaviors

There are many behaviors associated with having autism. Keep in mind that everyone presents differently, which is why it is called a spectrum disorder. However, there are common autism behaviors. Learn more about them. 

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Connor McClure

I'm a young adult navigating life with autism. By sharing my experiences and views, I hope to create a better awareness, understanding, and compassion for those on the spectrum. Let's connect!
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